Period+2+Chemistry

= **Period 2 Chemistry page ** =

Justin Embrey, Cristian Castelo Jason Mageria, Sebastian Rodriguez Magnesium oxide lab []

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=usVW8GVXFOs

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by Jacky Arechiga, Danielle Issa, and Victoria Aceves =====

MgO Lab By Sean Davie, Stuart O'meara, Jaylen Wingard

Richard L’Heureux (Someone deleted it) media type="youtube" key="jbIdx7YCwz0?fs=1" height="385" width="640" Scientific Measurement Study Guide

MgO video
by: Stella Martinez, Cassidy Lyon, Sonya Swartz, Brittany Andres media type="youtube" key="yAOaCbTHurI?fs=1" height="385" width="640"

MgO Lab- Nick,Jeffrey, Kris and Chris
media type="youtube" key="gMRVcva5FZs?fs=1" height="385" width="480"

media type="youtube" key="sBv1WN7IO3s?fs=1" height="385" width="480"

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMRVcva5FZs (first part)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBv1WN7IO3s (2nd part) (both parts have wierd problems but you get the gist of whats happening Sorry for technical difficulties).

Magnesium Oxide Lab Video / Catherine Farinas, Joscel Concepcion, Dhanika Halili & Grant Stevens :] media type="youtube" key="uAg_nYRW6Gk?fs=1" height="385" width="640"

**Chapter 3 Section 1:**

 * ** Scientific Notation: A method to express large numbers, based on the powers of the base number 10. **
 * ** Accuracy: A measure of rightness. Accuracy is capable of providing a correct reading or measurement. A measure is accurate if it correctly reflects the size of the thing being measured. It refers to how closely a measured value agrees with the correct value. **
 * ** Precision: A measure of exactness. This means it is repeatable, reliable, getting the same measurement each time. This also refers to how closely individual measurements agree with each other. **
 * Significant Figure: The figures of a number that express a magnitude to a specified degree of accuracy, rounding up or down the final figure. Also, they are numbers in a measurement that could be repeated consistently if the same measurement is repeated again and again.
 * Measurement: The size, length, or amount of something, as established by measuring. Also is a unit system of measuring.
 * Error: A measure of the estimated difference between the observed or calculated value of a quantity and its true value.
 * Percent Error: This is a formula used to find the inaccuracy of a measurement. Formula: absolute value of the error / accepted value x 100%
 * Experimental Value: This is the value that is measured in a lab.
 * Accepted Value: This is a correct value based on valid resources and references.


 * Chapter 3 Section 2:**
 * International System of Unit: A revised version of the metric system.
 * Meter (m): the fundamental unit of length in the metric system.
 * Liter (l): A metric unit of capacity. The volume of a cube measuring 10 centimeters on each edge.
 * Kilogram (kg): The basic SI unit of mass
 * Weight: a force that measures the pull on a given mass by gravity.
 * Temperature: The degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object.
 * Celsius scale: sets the freezing point of water at 0 C and the boiling point of water at 100C.
 * Kelvin scale: A scale of temperature with absolute zero as zero and the freezing point of water is 273.15
 * Absolute zero: The lowest temperature that is theoretically possible, that is the zero point on the Kelvin temperature scale equivalent to -275.15 C (3.2)
 * Energy: The power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources
 * Joule (j): The SI unit of energy.
 * Calorie: The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1 °C.


 * Chapter 3 Section 3:**
 * Dimensional Analysis: A problem-solving method that uses the fact that any number or expression can be multiplied by one without changing its value. Also, its a method for comparing the dimensions of the physical quantities occurring in a problem to find relationships between the quantities without having to solve the problem completely.
 * Conversion factor: An arithmetical multiplier for converting a quantity expressed in one set of units into an equivalent expressed in another. Also is a ratio of equivalent measurements.

**__Scientific Notation:__** Scientific notation is the method of displaying am extremely large or small number without all the extra zeros. It is done by writing the number with the decimal point after the first nonzero digit and then multiplying it by ten to the power of however many spaces you moved the decimal. If you move the decimal to the right it is a positive exponent and if you move it to the left it is a negative exponent. http://www.kylesconverter.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/scientific-notation-1.jpg

__Accuracy and Precision __ **Accuracy:** is how close you are to the actual measurement. --a measure of rightness. --means "capable of providing a correct reading or measurement." A measurement is accurate if it correctly reflects the size of the thing being measured. --refers to how closely a measured value agrees with the correct value. **Precision:** is how close all of your measurements are to each other. --a measure of exactness --means “repeatable, reliable, getting the same measurement each time.” --refers to how closely --individual measurements agree with each other. Here is an example to help you understand:
 * Accuracy and Precision in measurement are two different things. **

TABLE G: Dimensional Analysis
In other words, a certain way to look and solve the problem using the units of the measurement.
 * Definition- Analysis using the fact that physical quantities added to or equated with each other must be expressed in terms of the same fundamental quantities for inferences to be made about the relations between them. **

Analyze: o Time walking dog: 2 hours o 1 hour = 60 minutes o 1 minute = 60 seconds · Unknown o Seconds worked = ??? § As you recall we did those tables in class with helping us convert measurements. That is essentially what is needed. 2 hours à 60 x 2 = 120 minutes à 120 minutes x 60 seconds = 28,800 seconds à 2.880- x 10 to the 4th power.

Another Example: · Analyze: o What we know: mass of copper = 50.0 g Cu o Each student needs 1.84 grams of copper or 1.84 g Cu divided by students o Unknown: # of students Because we have the known mass of the copper, to calculate the number of students that can do the experiment with the copper we have, we need to apply the right conversion factor. Which is the measure of copper à number of students o 50.0 g Cu x 1 student = 27.174 = 27 students 1.84 g Cu

Known as unit conversion o Tool to understand the properties of physical quantities of the units used to measure them. ♣ Combination of mass, length, electric charge and temperature. Dimensional analysis is a technique that is used to change any unit(s) from one to another. o 1. We can **multiply or divide** any quantity **by one**, and the result will still be equal to the original quantity. o 2. The numeral **one (1)** can be written in many different ways when written in a fraction form.

__**SI Units**__ This stands for the International System of Units or Système International d'unités (SI)This system has become the dominant language of**commerce** and **science**, internationally. There are SEVEN SI base units for the seven base quantities: Length, Mass, Time, Electric Current, Temperature, Amount of Substance, and Luminous Intensity. 
 * **Table 1. SI base units**

|| || || Conversions between the other systems are made by using conversion factors.
 * ||  |||| **SI base unit**
 * ~ Base quantity ||~ Name ||~ Symbol ||
 * length || meter || m ||
 * mass || kilogram || kg ||
 * time || second || s ||
 * electric current || ampere || A ||
 * thermodynamic temperature || kelvin || K ||
 * amount of substance || mole || mol ||
 * luminous intensity || candela || cd ||  ||

Here's a helpful video on SI Units!media type="youtube" key="ettu_aeeY5U?fs=1" height="385" width="480" CHECK OUT THESE WEBSITES: __ <[]> __ "|


 * __Metric Units__**

The metric system has prefixes that are in multiples of 10. The chart above are the prefixes and symbols.

The metric system has prefix modifiers that are multiples of 10.

__Length__

A meter is the standard unit of length in the metric system. The other units of length and their equivalents in meters are: 1 millimeter = 0.001 meter 1 centimeter = 0.01 meter 1 decimeter = 0.1 meter 1 kilometer = 1000 meters

We symbolize these lengths as follows: 1 millimeter = 1 //mm// 1 centimeter = 1 //cm// 1 meter = 1 //m// 1 decimeter = 1 //dm// 1 kilometer = 1 //km//

__Volume__ The liter is the standard unit of volume in the metric system. 1 liter = 1,000 cubic centimeters (cm^3) Other units of volume and their equivalents in liters are:

1 milliliter = 0.001 liter 1 centiliter = 0.01 liter 1 deciliter = 0.1 liter 1 kiloliter = 1000 liters

1,000 milliliters = 1 liter; so 1 milliliter = 1 cubic centimeter in volume. We symbolize these volumes as follows:

1 milliliter = 1 //ml// 1 centiliter = 1 //cl// 1 deciliter = 1 //dl// 1 liter = 1 //l// 1 kiloliter = 1 //kl//

__Mass__ A Gram is the standard unit of mass in the metric system. The following are the units of mass and their equivalent in grams.

1 milligram = 0.001 gram 1 centigram = 0.01 gram 1 decigram = 0.1 gram 1 kilogram = 1000 grams

We symbolize these masses as follows: 1 milligram = 1 //mg// 1 centigram = 1 //cg// 1 decigram = 1 //dg// 1 gram = 1 //g// 1 kilogram = 1 //kg//

1 gram is about the mass of a paper clip. One kilogram is about the mass of a liter of water.

__Time__

Time conversions:

1 minute = 60 seconds 1 hour = 60 minutes = 3600 seconds 1 day = 24 hours 1 week = 7 days 1 year = 365 1/4 days (for the Earth to travel once around the sun) 

http://www.france-property-and-information.com/table-of-metric-and-imperial-units.htm http://www.mathleague.com/help/metric/metric.htm

= **SIGNIFICANT FIGURE RULES :]** =

**5)** 64000 = 2 sigfigs
__**Significant Figures and Calculations**__

media type="youtube" key="5UjwJ9PIUvE?fs=1" height="385" width="480" Here's a video to better understand sig figs! When carrying out multiplication of numbers or measurements your answer must be written to the __ lowest __ number of significant figures that were in the problem  3g x 295 g  1 sf x 3 sf   Give your answer to 1sf = 900g  When adding or subtracting you need to give your answer to the **lowest number of places past the decimal** that were in the problem: - <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.3in; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.3in; unicode-bidi: embed;"> <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.3in; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.3in; unicode-bidi: embed;"> 23.6 mL – 16.1218 mL  <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.3in; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.3in; unicode-bidi: embed;"> 1dp 4dp  <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.3in; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.3in; unicode-bidi: embed;"> Give your answer to 1dp 7.5 mL